The specifications required for this aircraft were:

• Fly from Mangalore to Mundra/Surat by sea
• Fly further from Mundra/Surat it flies to Bikaner and Ladhakh over land.
• Payload 2000 kgs

Based on the requirement that the aircraft flies over sea and land while being an amphibious vehicle, a design that would amplify/utilise the ground effect would be a useful choice. Having ground effect over the entire water journey is more efficient as it reduces the induced drag, therefore designing a hybrid vehicle as a Wing in Ground (WIG) was the approach, similar to the C215 aircraft which is inherently a seaplane.

The mission profile:

1. 1. Payload Capacity = 2000kgs
   2. Number of crew = 2
   3. Cruise speed over sea = 100knots (Mach 0.2)
   4. Range = 1100kms

 The mission is classified into eight phases:

1. Acceleration from standstill at sea level at the port of mangalore with Gross takeoff
weight of 8500 kgs.
2. Climb to a cruise altitude of 20 m above sea level to utilise the ground effect
3. Cruise at 20 m altitude until mudra/surat
4. descent and land.
5. Refuel and Take off from surat for Bikaner at an altitude of 5000m
6. Cruise at mach 0.3 until Bikaner, descent and land
7. Refuel again at Bikaner and take off from Bikaner heading towards Ladakh at an
altitude of 5000 m, and eventually climbing to 6500 m to ensure safety from the mountain
peaks of the region.
8. Descent and land at Ladakh

Aircraft Images:

Here, an anhedral wing was used as it is a lot more efficient to create the ground effect. The pods on either side of the wings help as floats when the aircraft is on water. There is a boat structure on the underside of the aircraft as well to create the amphibious effect of the aircraft

Analysis:

Based on earlier iterations, the horizontal tail was being influenced by the main wing wake, and hence is placed that high. The twirling trails at the centre of the wing are from the propeller engine.

The calculations conducted to create this aircraft and more information can be found in a report below: